2011湖北高考英语试题参考答案解析（2011年湖北高考英语）

(一)(·湖北高考)

Feelingblueabouttheworld?“Cheerup.”sayssciencewriterMattRidley.“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein,anditwillkeepongettingbetterbothforhumansandfornature.”

Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogresstobebothunavoidableandgood.Andthisiswhathe'ssetouttoprovefromauniquepointofviewinhismostrecentbook,TheRationalOptimist.Heviewsmankindasagrandenterprisethat,onthewhole,hasdonelittlebutprogressfor100,000years.Hebackshisfindingswithhardfactsgatheredthroughyearsofresearch.

Here'showheexplainshisviews.

1)Shoppingfuelsinvention

ItisreportedthattherearemorethantenbilliondifferentproductsforsaleinLondonalone.Evenallowingforthemanypeoplewhostillliveinpoverty,ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood,moreconvenienttransport,biggerhouses,bettercars,and,ofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongasweusethesethingstomakeotherthings.Themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe'llbe.

2)Brilliantadvances

Onereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer??livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food,clothing,fuelandshelter—havegrown?alotcheaper.Takeoneexample.Inacandleproviding?onehour'slightcostsixhours'work.?Inthesthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes'worktopayfor.?Initwaseightseconds.Todayit'shalfsecond.

3)Let'snotkillourselvesforclimatechange

Mitigating(减轻)climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimatechangeitself.?Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage,wheretheuseoffossil??fuel(化石燃料)electricityisforbiddenbywell??meaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld,isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange.Ifclimatechangeprovestobemild,butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain,wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppedanose??bleedbyputtingatourniquet(止血带)aroundournecks.

1.WhatisthethemeofRidley'smostrecentbook?

?A.Weaknessofhumannature.

?B.Concernaboutclimatechange.

?C.Importanceofpracticalthinking.

?D.Optimismabouthumanprogress.

2.HowdoesRidleylookatshopping?

?A.Itencouragesthecreationofthings.

?B.Itresultsinshortageofgoods.

?C.Itdemandsmorefossilfuels.

?D.Itcausesapovertyproblem.

3.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat________.

?A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandles

?B.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife

?C.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles

?D.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?

?A.Cuttingcarbonisnecessaryinspiteofthehugecost.

?B.Overreactiontoclimatechangemaybedangerous.

?C.People'shealthiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechange.

?D.Carelessmedicaltreatmentmaycausegreatpain.

答案与解析

1．D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogress...”Ridley自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。这就是他在近期的一本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题。故此处D项正确。

2．A推理判断题。根据第一个小标题题目“Shoppingfuelsinvention”以及其内容最后一句“Themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe'llbe.”可知，购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，这种情况越多，我们将会越富有。故此处A项正确。

3．D细节理解题。从第二个标题内容可知，我们生活远比以前富裕，健康，长寿，人也长得高了，也比以前聪明了，其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述，故此处D项正确。

4.B推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血。此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在危险。故B项正确。-

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