英语ever的用法(ever用法大全)
-ever词用法完全归纳
■本站特约作者陈根花
(本文发表于《第二课堂》年第3期)
本文所说的-ever词主要包括whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however等。由于它们在近几年的高考英语中一直比较热,再加上它用法难度大,所以许多同学对它们的用法一直比较头痛。为此,本文拟对其具体用法作一归纳,以帮助同学们正确把握这些词的用法。
一、用于引导状语从句
它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句),其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等,相当于英语中的nomatterwhat(who,which,when,where,how)。如:
whatever[Nomatterwhat]yousay,Ibelieveyou.无论你说什么,我都相信你。
Whoever[Nomatterwho]telephones,tellthemI’mout.不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了。
Whichever[Nomatterwhich]dayyoucome,I’llbepleasedtoseeyou.无论你哪天来,我都欢迎。
Whenever[Nomatterwhen]youcome,youarewelcome.你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。
Wefoundthepeoplefriendlywherever[nomatterwhere]wewent.无论我们走到哪里,我们都发现人们很友好。
However[Nomatterhow]muchheeats,henevergetsfat.无论他吃多少,他都不发胖。
Phonemewhenyouarrive,howeverlateitis.你到达之后就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打。
【三点补充说明】
1.有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如:
无论他在哪里,我都要找到他。
正:I’llfindhim,whereverheis.
正:I’llfindhim,whereverhemaybe.
无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
正:Keepcalm,whateverhappens.
正:Keepcalm,whatevermayhappen.
2.whoever的宾格也是whoever,而不是whomever,后者在现代英语已基本不用,有的词典已不收录此词。如:
Whoeveryoumarry,makesurehecancook.不管你跟谁结婚,他一定要会做饭才行。
3.有时可省略从句中的动词be。如:
Thebuildingmustbesaved,whateverthecost(is).一定要挽救这座建筑,不管花多大代价。
whateveryourargument(is),Ishallholdtomydecision.不管你有什么理由,我都坚持我的决定。
Irefuse,howeverfavorabletheconditions(are).不管条件如何有利,我都不干。
4.有时可省略从句中的动词be及其相应的主语。如:
I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmall(itis),thansharearoom.无论房间多么小,我宁愿一个人住一间,也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
Agrammarrule,howevertrue(itis),isuselessunlessitcanbeunderstood.一条语法规则,不管如何正确,除非能懂,否则毫无用处。
二、引导名词性从句
除引导状语从句外,whatever,whoever,whichever等还可引导名词性从句(主语从句或宾语从句)。如:
Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.她要他做什么,他就做什么。
Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就说什么。
Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.请想要这票,我就把它给谁。
Whicheverteamgainsthemostpointswins.哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。
Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。
三、用于加强语气
有时这些词可用于加强语气,含有“究竟”“到底”之义。如:
whatever[Whatever]doyoumean?你到底是什么意思?
Whenever[Whenever]didyoufindtimetodoit?你什么时候有空做这事?
Wherever[Whereever]canthechildrenbe?孩子们究竟会在哪里呢?
Whoever[Whoever]toldyouthat?到底是谁告诉你的呢?
Whichever[Whichever]didyouchoose?你到底选了哪个?
However[However]didyouescape?你到底是怎样逃出来的?
四、用于固定搭配中
1.orwhatever诸如此类,类似的东西
Youplugitintoacomputerorwhateveranditdoestherest.把它插入计算机之类的东西,其他的工作就由它来完成了。
Anyoneseencarryingbags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.警察看见谁拿着袋子、箱子或别的什么东西,就叫住谁。
2.orwhenever或其他什么时候,或随便什么时候
HemightcomeonMonday,orTuesday,orwhenever.他也许星期一来,也许星期二来,或者其他随便哪个时候来。
3.orwherever或其他类似地方,或随便什么地方
Youmayhearthesongathome,atschool,orwherever.在家,在学校或随便在哪里,你都可以听到这首歌。
4.orwhoever或者其他什么人,或者随便谁
Whenyou’redonewiththebook,justgiveittoMaryorShelleyorwhoever.当你看完这本书的时候,就把它交给玛丽,或谢莉,或其他什么人。
5.whateveryoudo要紧的是,无论如何
Don’tmissthetrain,whateveryoudo.千万不要误了火车。
whateveryoudo,don’tmentionmyname.无论如何,不要提起我的名字。
【现学现用】
1.Youcancontactusbytelephoneore-mail,______youprefer.
A.wheneverB.howeverC.whicheverD.whatever
2._____richonemaybethereisalwayssomethingonewants.
A.whateverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.Wherever
3.Weshouldreportanyincident,_____.
A.howeverseriousorminoritisB.howseriousorminorisit
C.itishowseriousorminorD.itishoweverseriousorminor
4._____Isay,healwaysdisagrees.
A.HoweverB.whateverC.WhicheverD.Whoever
5._____shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.
A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever
6.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.
—It’suptoyou.______youwanttodoisfinewithme.
A.whateverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever
7.Youcanfind_______youneedattheshoppingcentre,whichisalwaysbusyattheweekend.
A.whicheverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever
8.Don’t,______youdo,tellPatrickortheworldwillknow!
A.howeverB.wheneverC.whateverD.wherever
9.______hewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysthesamething.
A.HoweverB.WheneverC.whateverD.Whichever
10.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I’llbuyit,_______.
A.howmuchmayitcostB.nomatterhowitmaycost
C.howevermuchitmaycostD.howmayitcost
11.______youchoosetolivetherearealwaysgoingtobedisadvantages.
A.WheneverB.WhereverC.HoweverD.whatever
12.Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp______thereishumansuffering.
A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever
13.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.whateverD.Whoever
14._______teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.
A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.whateverD.whichever
15.Can______leaveslastpleaselockup?
A.whoeverB.wheneverC.whateverD.whichever
16.Everyoneisequalbeforethelaw,and______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.
A.whicheverB.whateverC.whoeverD.however
17.______playerscoresthehighestnumberofpointswillbethewinner.
A.whateverB.WhicheverC.HoweverD.Whenever
18.Wecangototheseveno’clockperformanceortheeight—_____suitsyoubest.
A.whicheverB.whereverC.whoeverD.however
19.______teamwinsonSaturdaywillgoontothenationalchampionships.
A.WheneverB.HoweverC.whateverD.Whichever
20.______hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffawholepizza.
A.HoweverB.HowC.whateverD.What
21.IfEmmalikessomethingshe’llbuyit______muchitcosts.()
A.howeverB.howC.whateverD.what
22.Ifyoutakemoneyfromthefund,______smalltheamount,youmustrecorditinthisbook.
A.howB.howeverC.nomatterD.whatever
23.“Whatshallwedotonightthen?”“It’suptoyou—______youwant.”
A.howeverB.wheneverC.whateverD.whomever
【参考答案】
1—5CCABA6—10ADCBA11—15BDADA16—20CBADA21—23ACC
文章相关链接:高考英语备考/
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