英语ever的用法(ever用法大全)

-ever词用法完全归纳

■本站特约作者陈根花

英语ever的用法(ever用法大全)

(本文发表于《第二课堂》年第3期)

本文所说的-ever词主要包括whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however等。由于它们在近几年的高考英语中一直比较热,再加上它用法难度大,所以许多同学对它们的用法一直比较头痛。为此,本文拟对其具体用法作一归纳,以帮助同学们正确把握这些词的用法。

一、用于引导状语从句

它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句),其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等,相当于英语中的nomatterwhat(who,which,when,where,how)。如:

whatever[Nomatterwhat]yousay,Ibelieveyou.无论你说什么,我都相信你。

Whoever[Nomatterwho]telephones,tellthemI’mout.不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了。

Whichever[Nomatterwhich]dayyoucome,I’llbepleasedtoseeyou.无论你哪天来,我都欢迎。

Whenever[Nomatterwhen]youcome,youarewelcome.你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。

Wefoundthepeoplefriendlywherever[nomatterwhere]wewent.无论我们走到哪里,我们都发现人们很友好。

However[Nomatterhow]muchheeats,henevergetsfat.无论他吃多少,他都不发胖。

Phonemewhenyouarrive,howeverlateitis.你到达之后就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打。

【三点补充说明】

1.有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如:

无论他在哪里,我都要找到他。

正:I’llfindhim,whereverheis.

正:I’llfindhim,whereverhemaybe.

无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。

正:Keepcalm,whateverhappens.

正:Keepcalm,whatevermayhappen.

2.whoever的宾格也是whoever,而不是whomever,后者在现代英语已基本不用,有的词典已不收录此词。如:

Whoeveryoumarry,makesurehecancook.不管你跟谁结婚,他一定要会做饭才行。

3.有时可省略从句中的动词be。如:

Thebuildingmustbesaved,whateverthecost(is).一定要挽救这座建筑,不管花多大代价。

whateveryourargument(is),Ishallholdtomydecision.不管你有什么理由,我都坚持我的决定。

Irefuse,howeverfavorabletheconditions(are).不管条件如何有利,我都不干。

4.有时可省略从句中的动词be及其相应的主语。如:

I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmall(itis),thansharearoom.无论房间多么小,我宁愿一个人住一间,也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。

Agrammarrule,howevertrue(itis),isuselessunlessitcanbeunderstood.一条语法规则,不管如何正确,除非能懂,否则毫无用处。

二、引导名词性从句

除引导状语从句外,whatever,whoever,whichever等还可引导名词性从句(主语从句或宾语从句)。如:

Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.她要他做什么,他就做什么。

Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就说什么。

Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。

I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.请想要这票,我就把它给谁。

Whicheverteamgainsthemostpointswins.哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。

Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。

三、用于加强语气

有时这些词可用于加强语气,含有“究竟”“到底”之义。如:

whatever[Whatever]doyoumean?你到底是什么意思?

Whenever[Whenever]didyoufindtimetodoit?你什么时候有空做这事?

Wherever[Whereever]canthechildrenbe?孩子们究竟会在哪里呢?

Whoever[Whoever]toldyouthat?到底是谁告诉你的呢?

Whichever[Whichever]didyouchoose?你到底选了哪个?

However[However]didyouescape?你到底是怎样逃出来的?

四、用于固定搭配中

1.orwhatever诸如此类,类似的东西

Youplugitintoacomputerorwhateveranditdoestherest.把它插入计算机之类的东西,其他的工作就由它来完成了。

Anyoneseencarryingbags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.警察看见谁拿着袋子、箱子或别的什么东西,就叫住谁。

2.orwhenever或其他什么时候,或随便什么时候

HemightcomeonMonday,orTuesday,orwhenever.他也许星期一来,也许星期二来,或者其他随便哪个时候来。

3.orwherever或其他类似地方,或随便什么地方

Youmayhearthesongathome,atschool,orwherever.在家,在学校或随便在哪里,你都可以听到这首歌。

4.orwhoever或者其他什么人,或者随便谁

Whenyou’redonewiththebook,justgiveittoMaryorShelleyorwhoever.当你看完这本书的时候,就把它交给玛丽,或谢莉,或其他什么人。

5.whateveryoudo要紧的是,无论如何

Don’tmissthetrain,whateveryoudo.千万不要误了火车。

whateveryoudo,don’tmentionmyname.无论如何,不要提起我的名字。

【现学现用】

1.Youcancontactusbytelephoneore-mail,______youprefer.

A.wheneverB.howeverC.whicheverD.whatever

2._____richonemaybethereisalwayssomethingonewants.

A.whateverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.Wherever

3.Weshouldreportanyincident,_____.

A.howeverseriousorminoritisB.howseriousorminorisit

C.itishowseriousorminorD.itishoweverseriousorminor

4._____Isay,healwaysdisagrees.

A.HoweverB.whateverC.WhicheverD.Whoever

5._____shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.

A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever

6.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.

—It’suptoyou.______youwanttodoisfinewithme.

A.whateverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever

7.Youcanfind_______youneedattheshoppingcentre,whichisalwaysbusyattheweekend.

A.whicheverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever

8.Don’t,______youdo,tellPatrickortheworldwillknow!

A.howeverB.wheneverC.whateverD.wherever

9.______hewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysthesamething.

A.HoweverB.WheneverC.whateverD.Whichever

10.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I’llbuyit,_______.

A.howmuchmayitcostB.nomatterhowitmaycost

C.howevermuchitmaycostD.howmayitcost

11.______youchoosetolivetherearealwaysgoingtobedisadvantages.

A.WheneverB.WhereverC.HoweverD.whatever

12.Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp______thereishumansuffering.

A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever

13.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.

A.WhatB.WhoC.whateverD.Whoever

14._______teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.

A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.whateverD.whichever

15.Can______leaveslastpleaselockup?

A.whoeverB.wheneverC.whateverD.whichever

16.Everyoneisequalbeforethelaw,and______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.

A.whicheverB.whateverC.whoeverD.however

17.______playerscoresthehighestnumberofpointswillbethewinner.

A.whateverB.WhicheverC.HoweverD.Whenever

18.Wecangototheseveno’clockperformanceortheeight—_____suitsyoubest.

A.whicheverB.whereverC.whoeverD.however

19.______teamwinsonSaturdaywillgoontothenationalchampionships.

A.WheneverB.HoweverC.whateverD.Whichever

20.______hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffawholepizza.

A.HoweverB.HowC.whateverD.What

21.IfEmmalikessomethingshe’llbuyit______muchitcosts.()

A.howeverB.howC.whateverD.what

22.Ifyoutakemoneyfromthefund,______smalltheamount,youmustrecorditinthisbook.

A.howB.howeverC.nomatterD.whatever

23.“Whatshallwedotonightthen?”“It’suptoyou—______youwant.”

A.howeverB.wheneverC.whateverD.whomever

【参考答案】

1—5CCABA6—10ADCBA11—15BDADA16—20CBADA21—23ACC

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