考研英语一2014年阅读理解（考研英语一2014年阅读）

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Text7

Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,likebreastenlargementsandnosejobs,hasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DaiDavies,ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmith,themajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rather,theyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.“Whatweallcraveistolooknormal,andnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.”

InAmerica,thedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;rather,itcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommends“maintenance”workforpeopleintheirthirties.“Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissilly,”hesays.“Bythen,you’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.”Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18,however.“Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.”

IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantially,bringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davies,whoclaimsto“caterfortheaverageperson”,agrees.Hesays:“Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse,￡3,000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.”

Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yet,asonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2,500forliposuctiontoremovefatfromherthighsadmitted,theslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryVeteranisadeceptivelygentleone.“Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit.”

1.Accordingtothetext,thereasonforcosmeticsurgeryisto_____.

[A]bephysicallyhealthy[B]lookmorenormal

[C]satisfyappetite[D]beacceptedbymedia

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Dr.Daviesimpliesthat_____.

[A]cosmeticsurgery,thoughcostly,isworthhaving

[B]cosmeticsurgeryistooexpensive

[C]cosmeticsurgeryisnecessaryevenfortheaverageperson

[D]cosmeticsurgeryismainlyfortherichandfamous

3.Thestatement“drawsthelineatoperatingonpeople”(Line3,Paragragh2)isclosestinmeaningto_____.

[A]removingwrinklesfromtheface[B]helpingpeoplemakeup

[C]enjoyingoperating[D]refusingtooperate

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.

[A]itiswisetohavecosmeticsurgeryunder18

[B]cosmeticsurgeryisnowmucheasier

[C]peopletendtoabusecosmeticsurgery

[D]theearlierpeoplehavecosmeticsurgery,thebettertheywillbe

5.Thetextismainlyabout_____.

[A]theadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery

[B]whatkindofpeopleshouldhavecosmeticsurgery

[C]therea,sonwhycosmeticsurgeryissopopular

[D]thedisadvantageofhavingcosmeticsurgery

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WiththeextensionofdemocraticrightsinthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturyandtheensuingdeclineoftheFederalistestablishment,anewconceptionofeducationbegantoemerge.Educationwasnolongeraconfirmationofapre-existingstatus,butaninstrumentintheacquisitionofhigherstatus.Foranewgenerationofupwardlymobilestudents,thegoalofeducationwasnottopreparethemtolivecomfortablyintheworldintowhichtheyhadbeenborn,buttoteachthemnewvirtuesandskillsthatwouldpropelthemintoadifferentandbetterworld.Educationbecametraining;andthestudentwasnolongerthegentleman-in-waiting,butthejourneymanapprenticeforupwardmobility.

Inthenineteenthcenturyacollegeeducationbegantobeseenasawaytogetaheadintheworld.Thefoundingoftheland-grantcollegesopenedthedoorsofhighereducationtopoorbutaspiringboysfromnon-Anglo-Saxon,working-classandlower-middle-classbackgrounds.Themythofthepoorboywhoworkedhiswaythroughcollegetosuccessdrewmillionsofpoorboystothenewcampuses.Andwiththisshift,educationbecamemorevocational:itsobjectwastheacquisitionofpracticalskillsandusefulinformation.

Forthegentleman-in-waiting,virtueconsistedaboveallingraceandstyle,indoingwellwhatwasappropriatetohisposition;educationwasmerelyawayofacquiringpolish.Andvicewasmanifestedingracelessness,awkwardness,inbehavinginappropriately,discourteously,orostentatiously.Fortheapprentice,however,virtuewasevidencedinsuccessthroughhardwork.Therequisitequalitiesofcharacterwerenotgraceorstyle,butdrive,determination,andasharpeyeforopportunity.Whilecasualliberalityandevenprodigalitycharacterizedthegentleman,frugality,thrift,andself-controlcametodistinguishthenewapprentice.Andwhilethegentlemandidnotaspiretoahigherstationbecausehisstationwasalreadyhigh,theapprenticewascontinuallybecoming,striving,strugglingupward.Failurefortheapprenticemeantstandingstill,notrising.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

[A]Democraticideasstartedwitheducation.

[B]Federalistswereopposedtoeducation.

[C]Neweducationhelpedconfirmpeople’ssocialstatus.

[D]Oldeducationhadbeenintunewithhierarchicalsociety.

2.Thedifferencebetween“gentleman-in-waiting”and“journeyman”isthat_____.

[A]educationtrainedgentleman-in-waitingtoclimbhigherladders

[B]journeymanwasreadytotakewhateverwasgiventohim

[C]gentleman-in-waitingbelongedtoafixedandhighsocialclass

[D]journeymancoulddopracticallynothingwithouteducation

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,land-grantCollege_____.

[A]belongedtotheland-owningclass

[B]enlargedthescopeofeducation

[C]wasprovidedonlytothepoor

[D]benefitedallbuttheupperclass

4.Whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantfora“gentleman-in-waiting”?

[A]Manners.[B]Education.[C]Moral.[D]Personality.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

[A]EducationandProgress

[B]OldandNewSocialNorms

[C]NewEducation:OpportunitiesforMore

[D]DemeritsofHierarchicalSociety

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