初中英语语法动词的语态（中考英语语法专项讲解 动词时态）

中考英语语法名师精挑细讲：动词的语态

1.语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。WeteachEnglishinourschool.(主动)Englishistaughtinourschool.(被动)

2.被动语态：助动词Be+及物动词的过去分词(be+p.p.)，be有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表：

时态谓语动词的形式例子

一般现在时Am/is/are+动词过去分词ColourTVsaremadeinthefactory.

一般过去时Was/were+动词过去分词Myhometownwasliberatedin.

一般将来时Shall/will+be+动词过去分词Thefilmwillbeshownagain.

现在进行时Am/is/are+being+动词过去分词Thewallsarebeingpainted.

过去进行时Was/were+being动词过去分词Theticketswerebeingwellsoldthen.

现在完成时Has/have+been+动词过去分词Anewroadhasbeenbuilthere.

时态谓语动词的形式例子

过去完成时Had+been+动词过去分词Muchhadbeendonebeforemothercameback.

含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+动词过去分词Thecompositionmustbehandedintoday.

3.被动语态中值得注意的问题：

○1带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。Myfathergavemeabook./Iwasgivenabookbymyfather./Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.

○2英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。Theclothwasheswell./Thiskindofbagssellswell./Theshoeswearlong./Theknifecutswell./Thepenwritessmoothly./Thiscoatlastslong.

○3在英语中有时"be+V-ed"结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构。Themountainswerecoveredwithsnow.

○4在"主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语"的结构中，要补留宾语补足语。Wefoundthedoorbroken./Thedoorwasfoundbroken.

○5宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原to。Hemademelaugh./Iwasmadetolaugh.

○6如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。Thenurselookedafterthebaby./Thebabywaslookedafterbythenurse./Wemustmakeupforthelessonswemissed./Thelessonswemissedmustbemadeupfor.

○7下列情况不能用被动语态：

A.不及物动词：Theaccidenthappenedonabusyroadyesterday.

B.连系动词：Thegirllookslikehersister.

C.宾语为反身代词：Healwaysdresseshimselfneatly.

D.宾语为相互代词：Thestudentsoftenhelpeachother.

E.同源宾语：Atthattime,theylivedahappylife.

F.表示状态的及物动词：Ihaveanewcar./Thebookcostme30yuan.

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