2012中考英语副词热点分析(2012中考英语副词热点分析及答案)
副词
副词的作用是修饰动词,也可以修饰形容词和其他副词甚至整个句子,用以表示时间、地点、状态或程度。
中考热点:程度副词及频率副词的用法,词义辨析和级
1.副词的种类
1)按照词意,副词有下列几种:
①时间副词:today今天,yesterday昨天,now现在,soon很快,already已经,before在……以前(时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,所以一定要牢固掌握不同失态的时间标志)
②地点副词:here在这里,there在那里,in在家,out在外,home家(地点副词和动词连用时不加介词)
③程度副词:almost几乎,enough足够,very很,much很,nearly几乎(有些程度副词可以修饰形容词的原级,有些副词常用来修饰形容词的比较级)
④方式副词:slowly慢慢地,fast快快地,carefully仔细地,badly糟糕地,well好(方式副词大多数由“adj.+ly”构成)
⑤频度副词:often经常,always总是,usually通常,sometimes有时,never从不,seldom很少,once曾经(频度副词放在实义动词前,助/系/情态动词后)(频度副词属于时间副词)
⑥其它副词:also也,either也,only仅仅,perhaps可能
⑦关系副词:where,when,why,how等。(关系副词常用来引导从句)
⑧疑问副词:where,when,why,how,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar等。(疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句)
例题1:—Isthephysicsproblem____?
—Yes,Icanworkitout______.
A.easy,easilyB.easy,easyC.easily,easyD.easily,easily
例题2:–Ididn’tknowyoutakeabustoschool.
-Oh,I______takeabus,butitissnowingtoday.
A.hardlyB.neverC.sometimesD.usually
例题3:Remembertoe-mailme.Allofushopetohearfromyou_________.
A.quicklyB.soonC.fastD.quick
2)按照结构,副词可分为:
①简单副词:hard,once,often,soon,far
②合成副词(或复合副词,由两个单词构成):tonight今晚,nowhere没有地方,meanwhile在期间,sometime在某时。
③短语副词(通过连词把两个副词连接起来的词组):nowandthen不时地,hereandthere到处,upanddown上上下下,againandagain一次又一次地。
④派生副词(通常在形容词词尾加后缀-ly而成副词):happy--happily幸福地,quick--quickly迅速地,slow--slowly缓慢地,usual--usually通常
2.副词的用法
①作状语:主要用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、数词或全句。
Heisworkinghardontheproblem.。(修饰动词)
Theboyistooyoungtoit..(修饰形容词)
Thegirlswimsquitefar.(修饰副词)
Unfortunately,hewasout.(修饰整个句子)
②作表语:作表语的副词多数是表示位置或状态的,如:in,on,out,back,down,up,off,away,upstairs。
Tom,isyourfatherin?
Sorry,heisout.
Classisover.
③少数地点副词和时间副词可以做定语,此时副词作定语和介词做定语一样,一律放在所修饰词的后面。
Thenewwordsbelowareeasytoremember.
TheweatherhereisveryhotinJuly.
Shealwaysmeetshimonherwayhome.
④作宾语补足语(复合宾语):
Whentheyoungmangotoffthebus,henearlyknockedthechilddown.
“Don’tleavemealoneathome.”Theboycried.
MayIaskthegirlin?
⑤修饰介词短语:
HewasthennearlytothetopofMountTai.
Heisoftenoutoftunewheneverhesings.
例题4:Hermotherwasout.Shestayedathome___,butshedidn'tfeel___.
A.alone,lonelyB.lonelyaloneC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone
例题5:Icantype_________thanIcanwritebyhand.
A.fastB.morefasterC.muchfasterD.fastest
3.副词的位置
1)地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如:
It’sraininghardoutside.(地点副词)
TheymetinChinalastyear.(时间副词)
ThestudentsarereadingEnglishloudly.(方式副词)
注:①有时为了强调,也可把时间副词放在句首。
TomorrowI’llmeethimatthestation.
②时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。
Sheisonherwayhome.
TheymetinChinalastyear.
2)频度副词在句中的位置有两种:
①实义动词之前:
IusuallyplayfootballonFridayafternoon.
IseldomwatchTV.
②be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后:
Mr.Greenisalwaysbusy.
Ihaveeverseenhimbefore
Hecanneverunderstand.
3)程度副词有下列两种情况
①修饰动词时,它在剧中的位置与频度副词的情况相似。
Heisalmostfortyyearsold.(在be动词之后)
Hecanhardlyunderstandyou.(情态动词之后)
Ireallyliketheboy.(在实义动词之前)
②修饰形容词、副词时,放在它所修饰的形容词和副词的后边。
Hestudiesmuchhardernow.
Herunsfastenough.(enough放在它所修饰的形容词或副词的后面)
Thecomputerisgoodenough.
例题6:Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,________greatitis.
A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever
4.副词的排列顺序
①地点副词、时间副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
ShewasborninShenyangLiaoningprovince.
HewenttoBeijingonMondaylastweek.
②方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.
③多个不同副词排列:程度+方式副词+地点+时间副词。
Theyplayedfairlywellthereyesterday.
Thechildrenplayedgamesveryquietlyintheirroomyesterday.
注意:①副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错)IverylikeEnglish.
(对)IlikeEnglishverymuch.
②副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
Idon'tknowhimwellenough.
Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.
Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.
例题7:Don’tworry,sir.I’msureIcanturn______tocatchupwiththem.(厦门)
A.fastenoughB.enoughfastC.slowlyenoughD.enoughslowly
5.副词比较等级的用法
1)副词的比较级和最高级与形容词一样的比较级和最高级用法基本相同.
①一般构成规律:
词的特征变化例词
原级比较级最高级
一般单音节词直接加-er,-eststrong
highstronger
higherstrongest
highest
以e结尾的词加-r,-stwide
nicewider
nicerwidest
nicest
以单个辅音字母(非r)结尾的单音节词双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estfat
thinfatter
thinnerfattest
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词变y为i,再加-er,-estheavy
happyheavier
happierheaviest
happiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词直接加-er;-estclever
narrowcleverer
narrowercleverest
narrowest
多数双音节词
多音节词和
源于分词的形容词在原级前加more,moststupid
difficult
tiredmorestupid
moredifficult
moretiredmoststupid
mostdifficult
mosttired
②常见的不规则变化:
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
bad/badly/illworseworst
many/muchmoremost
littlelessleast
farfarther(较远)/further(进一步)farthest(最远)/furthest(最大限度)
oldolder(年纪较大的)/elder(教年长的)oldest(年纪大的)/eldest(最年长的)
注:①三者或三者以上进行比较,用最高级。形容词最高级前必须加the;副词的最高级不用加the。其后可带of或in等短语(表明比较的范围)。
Susanworkshardestinourclass.
例题8:Jackdidquite________intheEnglishcompetition.Herrydideven______.
A.better,wellB.good,betterC.well,betterD.well,good
例题9:-Doyouthinksheisthemostclevergirl?
-_____________.
A.MoreorlessB.MostorleastC.MuchorlittleD.Manyorfew
②在两者进行比较表示“A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not…as/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可以用“less+副词原级+than”结构。如:
Billdidn’tdohishomeworkascarefullyasJim.=BilldidhishomeworklesscarefullythanJim.
例题10:Jimisrunning_____Bruce.They'reneckandneck。
A.fasterthanB.asfastasC.asfasterasD.moreslowlythan
例题11:Thematchwasreallyfantastic,whenSmithscoredinthelastminute.
A.probablyB.exactlyC.especiallyD.mostly
例题12:—WhatdoyouthinkofZhouJielun?
—Oh,heismyfavoritesinger.Ithinknoonecansing______.
A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best
6.兼有两种形式的副词
①close与closely
close意思是"近";closely意思是"仔细地"
Heissittingclosetome.
Watchhimclosely.
②late与lately
late意思是"晚";lately意思是"最近"
Youhavecometoolate.
Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?
③deep与deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"
Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.
Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.
④high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much
Theplanewasflyinghigh.
Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.
⑤wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"
Heopenedthedoorwide.
Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.
⑥free与freely
free的意思是"免费";freely的意思是"无限制地"
Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.
Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.
7.一些常见副词用法的区别
①ago与before
ago:表示以现在为起点的“以前”。用于一般过去时,与表示一段时间的词或短语连用。
Hecamebackanhourago.(不能用before)
Sheworkedhereinthisfactory20yearsago.(不用before)
before:指以过去或将来的某一时刻为基准的“以前”,也泛指以前。常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子里,与表示点的时间连用。
Hehadfinishedallthehomeworkbeforeschoolwasoverat5∶30.
TheyhadalreadyhadtheirsupperbeforeIcamebackhome.
②too,enough和so
too:用于形容词或副词之前,表示“太,过分,很”。用于too…to…表示否定意义“太…而不能…”
Don'teattoomuchsugar!
Thisriveristoodangerousforthechildrentoswimin.
It'stoohighformetoclimbup.
注意:too与某些形容词如eager(渴望的),easy(容易的),ready(准备的),kind(好的),anxious(焦急的)等连用时,其后的不定式不含否定的意思。这时too相当于very。
ThemanfromTaiwanistooeagertogohomeandseehisoldmother.
Youaretookindtoshowmetheway.
enough:“足够”作副词使用时,经常放在被修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面。用于“adj./adv原级+enoughto…”表示“足够…能…”
Isthiswatercleanenoughtodrink?
Hasheeatenenough?
Yourmotherisnotwellenough.
so:“如此”,用于so…that…表示“如此…以至于…”
ThecameraissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.
例题13:Wearrived_______latethattherewerenoseatsleft.
A.muchB.tooC.soD.very
例题14:Theywere________pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverythingelse.
A.muchB.soC.veryD.quite
③muchtoo与toomuch:
muchtoo:用于修饰形容词或副词的原级,表示“非常,及其,太”,强调“实在…”或“太…”的语气。much和too都是副词,much修饰too,用以加强语气,中心词是too。
It'smuchtooexpensive!
Theshoesaremuchtootightforme.
Thesoupismuchtoosalty!
Therearetoomanypeopleinthesupermarket.
toomuch:用于修饰不可数名词,表示“太多”,其本身也可以作代词或副词使用,中心词是much,toot修饰much,以加强语气。与toomany相对,toomany修饰可数名词复数。
Youdrinktoomuch!
It'sharmfulforyourhealthtoeattoomuchsugar.
Toomuchhasbeendonetoit.
注:muchtoo与toomuch去掉修饰语看中心词,句意不变放心用;much可接不可数(n.),too则修饰形(adj.)或副(adv.)
④so与such
so:用于修饰形容词或副词,意为“如此地”;而such用于修饰名词(such为形容词),意思是“如此的”。
I'veneverreadsointerestingabookbefore.
It'ssuchadifficultproblemthatIhavetodomuchtoworkitout.
so:可以用于修饰many、much、few、little等与名词构成的短语,但such不可以这样使
用。
There'ssolittletimeleftthatwehavetotakeataxitotherailwaystation.
Heislonelyandhassofewfriends.
(口诀:名前such,形副so,多多少少也用so。little属特殊,“小”用such,“少”用so。)
例题15:I’mafraidthathe’llforgetitifhemisses__________manylessons.
A.suchB.soC.asD.sothat
⑤quickly,fast和soon
quickly:意思是指某一动作“迅速完成”,含有“从发生到结束毫不耽误”的意思;
fast:则是强调某一运动速度之快;
soon:的含义主要是指未来将要发生的动作(或状态)或是过去短时间之后发生的动作(或状态)。
ShespeakssofastthatIdon'tcatchherwords.
Thegirlquicklypickedupsomegrapesandhandedthemtous.
ItwillsoonbetwentyyearssincetheycametoworkinBeijing.
⑥almost与nearly
通常这两个词可以通用,都可以修饰名词形容词或动词,表示“几乎”,“差一点”。
Thewomanisnearly/almostsixty.
当修饰不容易衡量其程度的事物时,要用almost而不应该用nearly。
Shealmostmissedtheflight.
表示全部肯定或全部否定的词,如all,every,no,never,nothing,nobody,none等可以用almost修饰而不能用nearly。
Almosteverybodyintheclasstookpartinthesportsmeet。
Almostnoneofthemagreedtothisarrangement.
Therewerealmostno(hardlyany)peopleonthetrainthismorning.
例题16:–Doyouknowanythingabouttheplayersofourschoolfootballteam?
-Yes.Theyare_______youngboysbetweentheageofthirteenandfifteen.
A.mostB.mostlyC.almostD.atmost
⑦already,yet和still:
WhereisTom?Hehasn'tcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.
already:表示事情早已发生或提前发生用already,一般放于用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句,变为否定句时,要将already变为yet,且放在句尾。
We’vealreadywatchedthatfilm.
Haveyouwatchedthatfilmyet?
yet:表示预料要发生的事未发生,或期待某事发生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
still:表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句中,有时也可用于否定句中。
Hestillworksuntillateevernight.
例题17:It’sseveno’clockintheafternoon,buttheyare______havingameeting.
A.alreadyB.stillC.yetD.ever
⑧hard和hardly
hard,hardly两者虽然只有-ly之差,意义却大不相同。
hard:表示"辛苦,使劲,努力,"如:Heworksveryhard.
hardly:为否定副词,表示"几乎不"。
Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardlycarryit.
⑨farther和further
far有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语中两者都可指距离。
Herunsfartherthanshedoes.(在美语中,farther表示距离,further表示进一步。)
Ihavenothingfurthertosay.
⑩too,aswell,also和either
too,aswell和also用于肯定句,too和aswell多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句,往往放在句末。
Hewenttheretoo.
Hedidn’tgothereeither.
Ilikeyouaswell.
Ialsowentthere.
例题18:-Iamnotsurewhichtietowearfortheparty.
-God!Ihavenoidea,.
A.tooB.neitherC.eitherD.also
⑾howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfar和Howmanytimes
Howlong:“多久,多长时间”,对于一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+一段时间”和“since+点时间”回答。
--HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?
--Forthreeyears./Since
Howsoon:“多快,多久以后”,对一个短暂动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+一段时间”回答。
--Howsoonwillyoubeback?
--Infiveminutes.
Howoften:“多长时间一次”,都频度提问,常用“once,twice,threetimesaday等”回答。
--Howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?
--Onceaweek.
Howfar:“多远”,对于距离的提问。
--Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?
--Abouttwokilometers.
Howmanytimes:“多少次”,问次数,常用次数来回答。
--HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoChina?
--Justtwice
例题19:-__________doyouwritetoyourparents?
-Onceamonth.
A.HowfarB.HowmanyC.HowlongD.Howoften
例题20::_______,hedidn'tfailintheEnglishexam.
A.LuckB.LuckyC.LuckilyD.Luckly
例题21:We'veneverheardof_____storybefore.
A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange
例题22:Wouldyoupleasespeak____?Istillcan'tfollowyou.
A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowly
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